Author: justin

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Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

Presentation Tender under the bar strap, unable to move your arm across your body, unable to perform bench press action, unable to abduct arm out to the side, pain into lateral arm, pins and needles into arm and or into hand and fingers. Cannot lay on the affected shoulder too long. Visible lump showing. Treatment […]
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Medial Meniscus (inside knee pain and inside behind the knee)

Presentation: Inside knee pain, unable to extend (straighten) knee, swelling > 1cm. Tender on palpation of the medial joint line, unable to squat. Clicking or locking of the knee. Pain on medial and behind the knee. Treatment: Don’t perform an USS scan, its not helpful in diagnosing meniscal issues. X-ray is useful and can reveal […]
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Medial Knee Compartment OA

Presentation Inside knee pain, family history of total knee replacement, unable to bend knee fully, unable straighten the knee, pain into medial tibia / shin bone, swelling > 0.5cm, unable to squat. Pain behind the knee on the medial side (inside). Treatment X-ray to reveal extent of OA. No USS required. Mild OA will settle […]
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Calf Tear

Presentation Tender to touch the calf, unable to walk properly, bruising on calf, hearing a popping sound in calf, hurts to pull toes back towards head, hurts when pushing off toes. Hurts to walk up-stairs. Swelling greater than 0.5cm compared to non-affected side. Swelling into the ankle and possibly behind the knee. Hurts to squeeze […]
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Baker’s Cysts

Presentation Posterior knee pain, swelling behind the knee, history of ganglion or cysts in the body, family history of ganglion cysts or baker’s cysts, pain/cramp in calf, pain/cramp in hamstring. Visible lump behind the knee. Treatment X ray to rule out loose bodies and OA. Posterior medial compartment OA can also give a patient behind […]
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ACL

Presentation Swelling > 1cm (the more swelling the more damage, 4-5cm will usually mean full thickness tear), giving way of the knee, ACL test is positive or laxity exists (refer to ACL laxity test video below). Additionally, refer to How to assess knee video below. Locking of the knee, unable to straighten the knee and […]
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Trochanteric (hip) Bursitis

Presentation Lateral hip pain (outside hip), unable to lay on the affected side, hurts to start moving, worse in morning, history of bursa injuries. Tender to touch the outside of the hip and pain down the lateral leg and into buttocks. Treatment US to reveal trochanteric bursitis, inflammation of glute Medius tendon. X-ray to exclude […]
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De Quervains Tendonitis or Thumb tendonitis

Presentation: Sore in thumb, hurts to use thumb and sore wrist and forearm on the thumb side Treatment: USS and x-ray to reveal De Quervains severity, ganglion cysts on radial artery or tendons, or OA in thumb joints Don’t use RICER technique if moderate to severe De Quervains. Mild De Quervains should settle in 6 […]
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

Presentation: Pins and needles into fingers and hand, weakness into hands, numbness into fingers and wrist, pain in forearm (non hairy side). Tendency to drop objects and sore wrist. Treatment: USS to reveal cross sectional area of medium nerve (needs to be over 10mm2 to be classed as CTS). If the cross-sectional area of the […]
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Plantar Fasciitis

Presentation Pain is in your arch of the foot and or in your heel. Very difficult to walk when you first get up in the morning. Difficult and painful after increased sitting tasks are performed. Treatment X-ray to exclude calcaneal spurs, osteoarthritis and stress / avulsion fractures. Ultrasound to confirm plantar fasciitis, tears in the […]
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